Religious scripture, according to a famed poet, was filled with “lies that are believed in every generation”. Such a remark may not seem strange in this day and age — though in Indonesia, unfortunately, it could cost you jail time. That remark however was made by Al-Ma’arri in 10th century Syria, during the Abbasid Caliphate. Though his words sparked controversy, Al-Ma’arri was never tried for his seemingly blasphemous words. He lived a long life and died at the age of 83.
The philosopher-physician Ar-Razi, who lived a few decades earlier, was also known for his stern criticism of religion. In his book, Fil Nubuwwat (On Prophecies), Ar-Razi wrote that religions were unreliable guides in understanding reality. He believed holy scripture was limited in its capacity to reveal truth, unlike scientific reasoning. He too lived a long life without enduring trials for blasphemy.
Indeed, contrary to the stereotypical portrayal of the medieval period as being backward and oppressive, the caliphate was actually relatively rich in its philosophical and religious exchanges. Thought-provoking statements on such matters were common and not limited only to a handful of scholars.
Trivialitas 